UNIVERSITIES IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: TAIWAN AND UKRAINE
The paper analyses the evolution of systems of higher education in the emerging knowledge economy on an example of Taiwan and makes parallels with Ukraine. There are common features of higher education systems of Taiwan and Ukraine identified in this article. Especial attention is paid to the features of the role and place of universities in national and sectoral innovation systems. Taiwan is found among countries with strong competitive position in terms of quality of systems of higher education and quality of R&D institutions on the global market map. Global niche specialization of Taiwan turned out to be successful in comparison with Ukraine, but not as successful as China or some other countries of the region (S.Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand). Especial attention is also paid to the understanding the structure of the intellectual capital of universities. Taiwanese universities are identified as leaders (among countries of our analysis) in implementing the concept of intellectual capital in universities. This gives them a gap in realizing the ideas of triple helix concept.
Since 1960-th system of higher education of Taiwan experienced reforms every decade and now has features of American, European and Chinese systems. Ukraine had several waves (1991, 2002 and 2014) of transformations in the system of higher education and now has features of post-Soviet and European systems with growing influence of American one. Taiwan and Ukraine are similar in the following ways: post-colonial past of Taiwan and independence Ukraine; the predominance of public universities in their structure; long time for finding niches in the global market of scientific and educational services; dependence on a high level of integration of economies into the world economy, particularly exports of goods and services. Differences of Taiwan and Ukraine include culture and religion, level of capital formation and resulting per capita GDP, different periods of independence, geopolitical and geographical positions, and effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Finally authors come with several recommendations on possibilities of adaptation on the Taiwan's experience in the interest of improvement of system of higher education and innovation in Ukraine.
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Keywords: higher education, intellectual capital, innovation system, globalization, models of scientific and educational development. |
MACROECONOMICS
Ilnytskyy Denys
PhD, Associate Professor
Khomenko Olga
PhD, Senior Lecturer, SHEI «Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman»
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